Central Terminal for Crustacean Neuroscience

Starting Points

• Here you find a general introduction to the arthropods and a figure detailing their general morphology\
• More info on arthropods from the Loretto Zoology Web Site with information on crayfish: external form, internal structures, nervous system, circulatory system, digestive and excretory system, and reproductive system
• Phylogenetic position of arthropods, and crustaceans on the Tree of Life
• This course material offers a wonderful introduction to crayfish anatomy
• Comprehensive lists of neuroscience links are at Neurosciences on the Internet
• Extensive collections of behavior links are at Internet Animal Behavior
• Books as starting points: - any other recommendations?
  • Unravelling Animal behavior Marian Stamp Dawkins, 2nd edition, Longman Group, London 1995
  • Basic Neurochemistry George J. Siegel et al., 5th edition, Raven Press, New York, 1993
  • The Crayfish: An Introduction to Zoology, 1879, by T. H. Huxley

General Introduction to Crustacean Neuroscience

This page on Crustacean Neuroscience explicit focuses on integrating behavioral research with other sub-disciplines of the neurosciences. We strongly believe that the primary goal of neuroscience research is to offer a mechanistic understanding of whole organism behavior, with analyses bridging levels of individual molecules, cells, circuits, and behavior.

Special Announcements

• Chemosensory Neurobiology in the Marine Environment at Bermuda Biological Station

Research and Future Perspectives of Different Labs

If you send me a 2-3 sentence description of research interests then I'd be happy to include you in this list.

Behavior/Sensory Biology

• Daniel K. Hartline
  * Studies on ecological adaptations of sensory systems using copepod mechano- and chemoreception as a model
  * Studies on basic physiology of calanoid mechanosensors
  * Collaborative projects on predator-evasion behavior, including bioluminescence
  Affiliation: Bekesy Lab., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822
  Internet: WWW: Daniel K. Hartline lab www page, Email: danh@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu or danh@wana.pbrc.hawaii.edu
  
  
• Charles D. Derby
  * Chemosensory biology of aquatic crusteans
  * Mechanisms of neural processing of odorant mixtures
  Affiliation: Dept. of Biology, Georgia State University, P. O. Box 4010, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010
  Tel: Office: (404) 651-3058, Lab: (404) 651-1646, Fax: (404) 651-2509
  Internet: WWW: Derby lab www page, Email: cderby@gsu.edu
  
  
• Paul A. Moore
  * Sensory Ecology of Crustaceans
  * Odor dispersion and orientation behavior of decapod crustaceans
  * Role of odors in social and mating behavior of crayfish
  Affiliation: Laboratory for Sensory Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403
  Tel: Office: USA (419) 372-8556, Lab: USA (419) 372-0570, Fax: USA (419) 372-2024
  Internet: WWW: Paul Moore www page, Email: pmoore@bgnet.bgsu.edu
  
  
• David W. Dunham
  * Communication systems in decapod crustaceans
  * Sensory ecology of communication
  * Information theoretic analysis of communication
  Affiliation: University of Toronto, Graduate Department of Zoology, Canada M5S 3G5
  Tel: Office: CANADA (416) 978-3496, Fax: CANADA (416) 978-8532
  Internet: WWW: David Dunham www page, Email: dunham@zoo.utoronto.ca
  
  
• Barbara Schmitz
  * Acoustic, hydrodynamic and chemical signals in snapping shrimp
  * Mechanosensory systems in crayfish
  * Antennal movements in spiny lobsters
  * Processing of water movements in crabs
  Affiliation: Institut und Lehrstuhl fuer Zoologie, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
  Tel: Office: GERMANY (89) 289-13666, Fax: GERMANY (89) 289-13674
  Internet: WWW: Barbara Schmitz WWW Page, Email: Barbara.Schmitz@bio.tum.de
  Associates: Jens Herberholz
  
  
• Marc Weissburg
  * Sensory ecology, anatomy, physiology and behavior of crustacean chemo- and mechanoperception
  * sex-specificity in fiddler crab chemosensory systems
  * orientation behavior in different fluid mechanical regimes
  Affiliation: School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Ave., Atlanta, GA 30332-0230
  Tel: Office: USA (404) 894-8433, Fax: USA (404) 894-0519
  Internet: WWW: Marc Weissburg www page, Email: marc.weissburg@biology.gatech.edu
  
• Ann Jane Tierney
  * Crayfish behavior and physiology
  * Role of 5-HT and 5-HT receptor subtypes in mediating posture and aggression
  * Distribution and function of FMRFamide and 5-HT in the crayfish stomatogastric nervous system
  Affiliation: Department of Psychology, Colgate University, Hamilton NY 13346
  Tel: Office: USA (315) 228-7360, Fax: USA (315) 228-7942
  Internet: WWW: WWW page, Email: atierney@mail.colgate.edu
  
• Thomas Breithaupt
  * Olfaction and aggression
  * Social communication
  Affiliation: The University of Hull, Department of Biological Sciences, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
  Tel: Office: UK (0)1482-465924, Fax: UK (0)1482-465458
  Internet: WWW: WWW page, Email: T.Breithaupt@hull.ac.uk
  
• Assaf Barki
  * Aggressive and reproductive behavior in crustaceans
  * Crustacean reproduction
  * Hormones and behavior in decapod crustaceans
  Affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
  Tel: Isreal (0) 3 9683388, Fax: Isreal (0) 3 9605667
  Internet: WWW: WWW page, Email: barkia@volcani.agri.gov.il

Neuroethology

• Joseph Ayers
  * Neuroethology of Investigative Behavior
  * Neurophysiology of Locomotion
  * Neurotechnology for Lobster Based Underwater Robots
  * Development of Feeding in Larval Lobsters
  * Sonar Telemetry from Freely Behaving Lobsters
  * Biomimetic Underwater Robot Program
  *(An Undulatory Robot, Limb Coordination During Omnidirectional Walking in the Lobster, Sonar Biotelemetry of Lobster Motor Programs, In Vivo Recording During Behavior, ColorImage)
  Affiliation: Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, East Point, Nahant, MA 01908
  Tel: Office: (781) 581-7370, Fax: (781) 581-6076, Cell: (781) 755-7523
  Internet: WWW: Marine Science Center WWW Page, Email: lobster@neu.edu
  Associates: Al Badger, Don Massa, Lars Schlichting
  
  
• Robert Huber
  * Correlative Studies of Aggression and Biogenic Amine Function/Amine Levels
  * Pharmacological Manipulation of Biogenic Amines and resulting Changes in Behavior
  Affiliation: Bowling Green State University, Biological Sciences, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
  Tel: USA (419) 372-0341 (office)
  Fax: USA (419) 372-2024
  Internet: WWW: Robert Huber www page, ftp: Robert Huber ftp server, Email: lobsterman at caspar dot bgsu dot edu
  
• Frank Krasne
  * crayfish escape behavior: organization of neural circuitry for behavior. plasticity and modulation.
  Affiliation: Dept. of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, UCLA
  Tel: USA (310) 825 2497
  Fax:
  Internet: Email: Krasne@psych.ucla.edu
  Associates: Terri Teshiba and Ari Berkowitz
  
  
• Tom Nolen
  * neuroethology of predator-prey interactions
  * role of chemoreception in responses of Cancer to the aversive ink of Aplysia
  * effects of Aplysia ink on Cancer feeding behavior
  Affiliation: Dept. of Biology and Marine Science Program and Neuroscience Program P.O. Box 249118, Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124
  Tel: USA (305) 284-6206 (office/lab)
  Fax: USA (305) 284-3039
  Internet: WWW: Tom Nolen, Email: tnolen@umiami.ir.miami.edu
  Associates: Bruce Carlson (bcarlson@students.miami.edu)
  
  
• Donald H. Edwards
  * The effect of monoamines and social status on sensorimotor integration
  * Neural mechanisms of behavioral choice
  * The effect of neuronal growth on neuronal integration
  Affiliation: Dept. of Biology, Georgia State University, P. O. Box 4010,
  Atlanta, GA 30302-4010
  Tel: USA (404) 651-3148 (office), 651-1645 (lab)
  Fax: USA (404) 651-2509
  Internet: WWW: Edwards Homepage, Email: dedwards@panther.gsu.edu
  
  
• Brian Mulloney
  * Cellular basis of natural behaviors, particularly locomotion
  * Neural mechanisms of behavioral decisions
  Affiliation: Section of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8519, USA
  Tel: USA (530) 752-1110 (office)
  Fax: USA (530) 752-5582
  Internet: WWW: Brian Mulloney www page, Email: bcmulloney@ucdavis.edu
  

Neurophysiology/Neuroanatomy/Molecular biology

• Edward A. Kravitz
  * Neurobiology of Aggression
  Affiliation: George Packer Berry Professor of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  Tel: USA (617) 432-1753
  Fax: 617-734-7557
  Internet: www: Ed Kravitz lab, Email: edward_kravitz@hms.harvard.edu
  Associates: Henning Schneider, Christine Couture
  
  
• William J. Heitler
  * Rhythm generation and intersegmental coordination in the swimmeret system
  * Functional and evolutionary relationship between the swimmeret system and the giant fibre escape system
  * Electrical synapses, their voltage dependence and functional modulation
  Affiliation: The Gatty Marine Laboratory, Univ. St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland
  Internet: Email: wjh@st-andrews.ac.uk
  
  
• Robin L. Cooper
  * neurophysiology and anatomical studies of sensory/motor systems
  Affiliation: Sch. of Biological Sciences, Div. of Organismal & Integrative Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
  Tel: USA (606) 257-5950
  Fax: USA (607) 257-1717
  Internet: WWW: Robin Cooper's www page, Email: RLCOOP1@pop.uky.edu
  
  
• Jay Blundon
  * synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticities and axon terminal biophysics
  using the crayfish neuromuscular junction as a model
  Affiliation: Dept. Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
  Tel: USA (901) 843-3562
  Fax: USA (901) 843-3565
  Internet: WWW: Jay Blundon's www page, Email: blundon@rhodes.edu
  Associates: George Bittner, Malcolm Brodwick, C.K. Govind,
  Sterling Wright
  
  
• A. Joffre Mercier
  * Neuropeptides in crustaceans
  * Effects of polyamine toxins on arthropod glutamate receptors
  Affiliation: Brock University
  Internet: WWW: Joffre Mercier's www page, Email: amercier@Spartan.ac.BrockU.CA
  
  
• DeForest Mellon, Jr.
  * Neuroethology of sensory reception
  * Functional organization of olfactory systems
  Affiliation: Department of Biology, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia
  Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
  Tel: USA (804) 982-5766
  Fax: USA (804) 982-5626
  Internet: WWW: www page, Email: dm6d@virginia.edu
  
  
• Harold Atwood
  * Analysis of synaptic structure and function
  * Comparative properties of different motor neurons (phasic and tonic)
  * Long-term and short-term synaptic plasticity (frequency facilitation, long-term facilitation)
  * Comparison of crustacean and Drosophila motor systems
  * Quantal and optical analysis of synaptic transmission
  Affiliation: University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
  Tel: Canada (416) 978-2899
  Fax: Canada (416) 978-4940
  Internet: WWW: Atwood lab www page, Email: harold@spine.med.utoronto.ca
  
  
• Jerrel L. Wilkens
  * Crustacean respiratory and cardiovascular physiology
  * E-C coupling in crustacean cardiac muscles
  * Analysis of hemodynamics of hearts and properties of arterial systems
  * Effects of excercise on lobster cardio-respiratory system
  Affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Canada
  Tel: Canada (403) 220-3552
  Fax: Canada (403) 289-9311
  Internet: WWW: Wilkens's www page, Email: wilkens@ucalgary.ca
  Associates: Akira Sakurai
  
  
• Werner Rathmayer
  * properties of invertebrate muscles
  * Role of pre-and postsynaptic inhibition in the control of muscle performance
  * Pharmacological characterization of different GABA-receptors
  * Neuromodulation of muscle contractions and at the neuromuscular junction
  Affiliation: Fakultät f. Biologie, Universität Konstanz PF 5560, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
  Tel: Germany (7531) 882-238 (office)
  Fax: Germany (7531) 883-894
  Internet: WWW: Rathmayer lab www page, Email: Werner.Rathmayer@uni-konstanz.de
  Associates: Sabine Kreissl, Torsten Weiss
  
  
• Deborah Jean Baro
  * long and short term modulation of cellular phenotypes by extracellular signals
  * molecular mechanisms mediating dominance hierarchies
  * subcellular localization of channels and receptors
  Affiliation: Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR 00901
  Tel: Puerto Rico (787) 724-2364 (office), Puerto Rico (787) 724-1543 (lab)
  Fax:Puerto Rico (787) 725-3804
  Internet: WWW: Baro webpage, Email: djbaro@neurobio.upr.clu.edu
  
  
• Daniel Cattaert
  * Sensori-motor integration in the walking system of the crayfish
  * Organization of the walking neural network
  * modulation of reflexes (reflex reversal) during walking activity
  * Presynaptic inhibition in primary afferents of the walking system
  * synaptic plasticity in sensory-motor pathways inthe walking system
  Affiliation: Université de Bordeaux 1, CNRS UMR 5816, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie des Réseaux, Biologie Animale, Bât B2, Avenue des Facultés 33405 TALENCE CEDEX, France
  Tel: France (0) 5 57 96 25 67
  Fax: France (0) 5 57 96 25 61
  Internet: EMail: d.cattaert@lnr.u-bordeaux.fr
  
  
• María Luisa Fanjul Moles
  * Studies on the ontogeny of circadian rhythms in crayfish
  * Photoperiodic induction of sexual development in crayfish
  * Comparative studies on photo-oxidative stress in mexican and introduced species of crayfish
  Affiliation: Lab.de Neurofisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
  Tel: Office: Mexico (015) 56224839, Fax: Mexico (015) 56224828
  Internet: WWW: WWW Page, Email: mfajul@netmex.com
  
  
• Ernest S. Chang
  * molecular and biochemical endocrinology of molting, reproduction, and behavior in decapod crustaceans (especially Homarus)
  Affiliation: University of California, Bodega Marine Laboratory, PO Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923
  Tel: USA (707) 875-2061
  Fax: USA (707) 875-2009
  Internet: WWW: Ernest Chang's personal www page, Email: eschang@ucdavis.edu
  
  
• Robert Huber
  * quantify levels of biogenic amines, amino acids and amine metabolites in nervous tissue, haemolymph and urine using HPLC
  * studies of amine metabolism, rates and sites of inactivation, metabolic pathways, identification of urine metabolites
  Affiliation: Bowling Green State University, Biological Sciences, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
  Tel: USA (419) 372-0341 (office)
  Fax: USA (419) 372-2024
  Internet: WWW: Robert Huber www page, ftp: Robert Huber ftp server, Email: lobsterman at caspar dot bgsu dot edu

Neural nets

• Daniel K. Hartline
  * Studies on integration in neural networks, using stomatogastric ganglion as a model system
  * Emphasis on quantitative experimental approaches and utilization of modeling techniques as a research tool
  * Specific interests in cellular properties and their spatial distribution (e.g. plateau potentials), chemotonic (non-spiking) synaptic transmission, and modulatory reprogramming of networks
  Affiliation: Bekesy Lab., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
  Internet: WWW: Daniel K. Hartline lab www page, Email: danh@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu or danh@wana.pbrc.hawaii.edu
  
  
• Brian Mulloney
  * Neural coordination of limbs on different segments, particularly of swimmeret beating
  * Motor pattern-generation and circuit dynamics
  Affiliation: Section of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616-8519, USA
  Tel: USA (530) 752-1110 (office)
  Fax: USA (530) 752-5582
  Internet: WWW: Brian Mulloney www page, Email: bcmulloney@ucdavis.edu
  
  
• Allan Berlind
  * pattern generation by the cardiac ganglion
  * neurohumoral regulation of the cardiac ganglion
  Affiliation: Biology Dept. and Neuroscience Program, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
  Tel: USA (860) 685-3483
  Fax: USA (860) 685-2141
  Internet: WWW: Allan Berlind www page, Email: aberlind@wesleyan.edu
  
  
• Ronald M. Harris-Warrick
  * Studies on neural networks, using the spiny lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG) as a system
  * Study of potassium channels and the effect of specific currents on the output of the whole network
  Affiliation: Section Neurobiology and Behavior, W159 Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
  Tel: Office: USA (607) 254-4355, Lab: USA (607) 254-4357, Fax: USA (607) 254-4308
  Internet: WWW: WWW Page, Email: rmh4@cornell.edu
  Associates: Bruce Johnson <brj1@cornell.edu>; Peter Kloppenburg <pk29@cornell.edu>; Jason MacLean <jm122@cornell.edu>; Matthias Gruhn <mkg23@cornell.edu>
  

Stomatogastric System

(These are links to the master list of researchers working on the stomatogastric ganglion maintained by Dan Hartline)

• Laurence Abbott
• Joseph Ayers
• Deb Baro
• Marcos Gonzales
• Katherine Graubard
• Ronald M. Harris-Warrick
• Daniel K. Hartline
• Hans-Georg Heinzel
• Scott Hooper
• Paul Katz
• Eve Marder
• Pierre Meyrand/Moulins, Maurice
• Nusbaum, Michael
• Selverston, Allen
• Tazaki, Kenro
• Gina Turrigiano

Search the databases for related information

• Literature: Search bibliographies for refs on crayfish, isopods, fairy Shrimp, and the stomatogastric system

Further crustacean/neuro/behavior resources

Crustacean Information

• General Info:
  • Cornell University Crawdad Web Site
  • American Lobster Homarus americanus
  • Get detailed info on the Blue Crab
  • Check out comprehensive info on copepods, copepods, and cumaceans
  • The Lurker's Guide to Stomatopods
  • Marine Biology Web
  • The Crustacea Laboratory of the Museum of Victoria has a guided tour of Crustaceans of Southern Australia
  • There are sections on crustaceans at the invertebrate display of the electronic zoo, at the marine resources department at MBL, in the sealife of Australia, the California Inland Invertebrate Work Group, at the Mote Marine Laboratory
  • Educational displays are at the University of Georgia Museum of Natural History: Animals on Georgia beaches
  • Crayfish page at the Wildthings in the Ozarks Project
  • A comprehensive field guide to the crayfish of Missouri at the MDC Nature Page
    
• Taxonomy
  • Taxonomy Browser
  • systematics and nomenclature
  • Index to Organism Names
    
• Molecular Biology:
  • Check out genomes for various crusties, such as crayfish, lobsters
    
• Simulated Behavior:
  • A crayfish avoiding a predator
  • Follow a blue crab in an odor plume and read an accompanying paper
    
• Neurobiology:
  • stomatogastric system
  • zooplankton sensory systems
  • 5-HT in crayfish neurosecretory cells
  • decapod cardiac muscle
  • cardiac ganglion
    
• Behavior/Ecology:
  • Behavioral thermoregulation in the American lobster
    
• Newsletters: Amphipod Newsletter
  
• Keys: Lower Crustacea and Cirripedia, The Lower Malacostraca (Peracarida), The Higher Malacostraca (Decapoda and Stomatopoda)
  
• Lists: endangered crustaceans, freshwater and marine isopods, crustaceans of Montana, annotated list of decapod crustaceans, poisonous crabs
  
• Collections: Info on collections is available for the Department of Invertebrate Biology at the Smithsonean, the Texas Natural History Collections, the catalogue of type specimens of Crustacea of the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia - INPA (National Institute for Amazonian Research), Manaus (AM) - BRAZIL
  
• Internet Lists: There are discussion groups on crustaceans (CRUST-L) and brine shrimp (BRINE-L).
  
• Books: Several fisheries related books are available at Fishing News Books, eg. crabs and lobster fishing, Spiny Lobster Management, A Living from Lobsters, The Edible Crab and its Fishery in British Waters, The Crayfish Its Nature And Nurture, or Crustacean Farming
  
• CD-ROMS: A CD-Rom on Lobsters of the World, AQUALEX Multimedia Consortium

Teaching

• Course Materials: Neuroethology at BGSU, Animal Behavior at BGSU, Neuroethology, Neuroethology, Comparative Neurobiology, CNS Pharmacology, Crawdad Project Page, and Crawdad Teaching Workshop
• Pictures and Photos: Check out general fisheries related wallcharts, eg.a crabs and lobsters wallchart of Fishing News Books, photos of crusties are found at the Crayfish Gallery, the Crayfish Burrow, the Crayfish Photo galery, photos of Lyphozozymus pictor, Watch a lobster guarding its burrow from an ROV, Greg Carter's Gallery of aquatic Images, Live LobsterCam
  

Scientific Community

• Institutions: The Lobster Institute has info on various subjects dealing with lobsters;
• lobster rearing facility at the New England Aquarium
• Department of Invertebrate Zoology at the Smithsonian Institution
• Lobster Institute of the Univ. Maine
• Oceanic resource Foundation
• Marine Biological Laboratory
  
• Societies: The Crustacean Society, Soc. Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Int. Soc. Neuroethology, Soc. Neuroscience, Animal Behavior Society, Italian Malacological Society
  
• Journals: online are: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Shrimp News, Invertebrate Neuroscience, HMS Beagle
  
• Lists of Conferences and Meetings can be found at Biosis, Nature, the Virtual Library, and Yahoo
  
• Creepy, crawly, crusty people: Dean Pentcheff, Zimmer-Faust Lab, Katherine Graubard, Ron Calabrese, Jeff Shields, Keith Crandall, Sifford Pearre, Josh Hayes, Terry Viancour, Eve Marder, Dan Hartline, Jim Culter, Ernest Chang, Gary Anderson, Peter Rowat, Thom Cleland, Chris Hempel, Mike Casey, Emilio Salinas, Ole Jensen, Niel Bruce, Alastair Richardson, Kenneth Browne, Bernard Picton, Susan Bell, Larry Field, William Hayes, Allen Selverston, Wulf Krenz, Kurt Fiedler, Richard Olivo, Zen Faulkes, Akira Sakurai, and myself
• Southamerican crusty people

Further lists of crustacean links are at Zoological Records

Related pages in other taxa

• Mollusc brains and behavior

Methods and technical resources

• Analyses for behavioral data using Java applets

Some Other/Weird/Wacky Crustacean Stuff

• You would not believe what grows on lobster lips
• Check out a wealth of fish, lobster and crab trivia
• Watch the Hickory Crawdads play baseball
• Buy a Lobster Penis "complete with exoskeleton. Small but fully functional" Quantities are limited, so hurry! - I guess all items are sold now
• The Sounds and Sights from Lobsterman from Mars
• Order special lobster bands at www.peinet.pe.ca
• A lobster recipe - to mellow out guests and the lobster to be eaten - Instructions for cooking lobsters in boiling water containing Prozac - they'll die happy (the lobster that is)
• See a 35 foot, 55 ton lobster at The Lobster Capital of the World, visit the Maine Lobster Festival or the Pictou Lobster Carnival.
• Enforcement officials have now a simple method of detecting scrubbed lobsters
• Order lobsters at Weathervane, The Lobster Connection, Maine Lobster Direct, Bayley's Lobster Pound, Lobster and Seafood, Port Lobster Company, Lobsternet, Ocean Gold, Sur'fin' Lobster, Fisherman's Market International Inc., New England Lobster, The lobster man
• Lobster recipes are here, here, here, crayfish recipes are here, and here you find instruction on how to eat a lobster

Thanks

• Many thanks to all of you who forward info and crustacean links for inclusion in this page.