"Behavior is too important to be left to psychologists" -- Donald Griffin
Memory
Memory: The capacity to retain an impression of past experiences.
Declarative Memory: The capacity to retain information about past experiences related to facts and events.
Procedural Memory: The capacity to retain information about past experiences related to procedures and skill.
Learning
Learning: Adaptive modification of behavior in response to specific experiences during the individual's life. Acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors. Changes that are not due to fatigue or differences in motivation.
Non-associative Learning
Habituation:Repeated stimulation without meaningful consequences produces a progressive decrease in response to the stimulus
Adaptation: Decline in the amplitude of a sensory response in the prescence of a constant stimulus
Sensitization: An electric shock preceding a stimulation produces an increased response to it (i.e., pseudo-conditioning)
Associative Learning
Classical Conditioning: An electric shock (US) produces an automatic response (UR) while an insignificant stimulation alone (NS) does not. However, when the US is repeatedly preceded by the NS it acquires some meaning of the US and thus is termed the conditioned stimulus (CS). With such learning it is able to acquire a strong response (CR).
Operant Conditioning: Behavior changes after the results of an action proved of consequence (e.g. rewarding, noxious), (same as trial-and-error learning, instrumental conditioning),
Garcia Conditioning: Mammals readily associate taste, but not visual or auditory cues with nausea, even if the taste is separated from the nausea by hours. This works even when an animal is unconscious.
Language Learning: Humans have an inborn capacity to extract word meanings, sentence structure, and grammatical rules from the complex stream of sounds they hear. Noam Chomski
